Black Hole Attack Implementation in NS2

Black Hole Attack in NS2

Black Hole Attack in Networking basically occurs when a node participates in data transmission act as forwarder .It receives data from the sender and replies it sent the data without sending it to receiver. it does not know any path , simply its goal to drop the packet data. In receive request function of .cc file there it directly reply the packet with highest sequence number to the source and the when data received it will drop these data at recv function of .cc file in the AODV.

Procedure for Creating malicious node to present Blackhole attack in AODV.

step 1:  Is for the tcl code, add this below line in your .tcl file
(tclfile)
#$ns_ at 0.0 “[$n2 set ragent_] malicious”

Below 2 would be at aodv.h in anywhere AODV class. add boolean variable BLACKHOLE in aodv.h

step 2 : (aodv.h)
   
bool     BLACKHOLE;

in 3 add the BLACKHOLE as false in aodv constructor

step 3 : (aodv.cc)

aodv::aodv(nsaddr_t id) : Agent(PT_aodvplain)
{
bid = 1;
  LIST_INIT(&nbhead);
  LIST_INIT(&bihead);
BLACKHOLE=false;
  logtarget = 0;
}

In 4, check malicious variable is set or not in tcl file.

step 4: (aodv.cc(AODV::command))
 
 if(strncasecmp(argv[1], "id", 2) == 0) {
      tcl.resultf("%d", index);
      return TCL_OK;
    }
    if(strcmp(argv[1], "malicious") == 0) {
        BLACKHOLE = true;
       return TCL_OK;
    }

                             

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step 5 : Is for adding blackhole behaviour in node which drop the data packet.
(aodv.cc(recv))
 if(ch->ptype() == PT_aodvplain) {
   ih->ttl_ -= 1;
   recvaodvplain(p);
   return;
 }

if(BLACKHOLE)
{
//If destination address is itself
if ( (u_int32_t)ih->saddr() == index)
   forward((aodv_rt_entry*) 0, p, NO_DELAY);
else
    drop(p, DROP_RTR_ROUTE_LOOP);
}
else
{
 /*
  *  Must be a packet that originating...
  */
if((ih->saddr() == index) && (ch->num_forwards() == 0)) {
 /*
  * Add the IP Header
  */
   ch->size() += IP_HDR_LEN;

}


step 6:  Is for replying a request packet, in request packet use the maximum 32 bit number as sequence number.
(aodv.cc(recvreqeust))
 

   seqno = max(seqno, rq->rq_dst_seqno)+1;

   if (seqno%2) seqno++;

   if(BLACKHOLE)  seqno= rq->rq_dst=rq->rq_src=4294967295;

step 7: Please paste the else if  code  as shown below   

 else if(BLACKHOLE)

{

 sendReply(rq->rq_src,       // IP Destination

             1,         // Hop Count

             rq->rq_dst,     // Dest IP Address

             4294967295,        // Highest Dest Sequence Num that is largest 32-bit integers from -2147483647 to +2147483647

           MY_ROUTE_TIMEOUT,    // Lifetime

             rq->rq_timestamp); // timestamp

Packet::free(p);

}
/* Can't reply. So forward the  Route Request */

else

{

  ih->saddr() = index;

   ih->daddr() = IP_BROADCAST;

   rq->rq_hop_count += 1;

   // Maximum sequence number seen en route

   if (rt) rq->rq_dst_seqno = max(rt->rt_seqno, rq->rq_dst_seqno);

   forward((aodvplain_rt_entry*) 0, p, DELAY);

 }

credits to “http://elmurod.net/index.php/2009/10/24/adding-malicious-node-in-aodv/” and "http://narentada.com"

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